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1.
Rev. Asoc. Colomb. Cien. Biol. (En línea) ; 1(32): 103-114, 20200000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1379199

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los carotenoides son fuente importante de actividades biológicas funcionales, tales como antioxidantes o antimicrobianas, además de tener gran impacto a nivel industrial, ya sea en cosmética o suplementación animal en acuacultura. Se han reportado varias moléculas novedosas a partir de aislamientos en Latinoamérica, principalmente en la Patagonia, Argentina. Sin embargo, no hay reportes en Colombia que evalúen la producción de carotenoides en levaduras nativas pigmentadas. Objetivo: Se evaluó la capacidad de producción de carotenoides en levaduras nativas aisladas de lagos, ríos y aguas residuales de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se caracterizaron 30 levaduras provenientes de dos colecciones. De estas se obtuvo su biomasa, rendimiento de carotenoides totales y producción de ß-caroteno. Las cepas promisorias fueron identificadas secuenciando la región ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Resultados: El mayor rendimiento en la extracción de pigmentos se obtuvo para las cepas P11A (84,36 ± 5,24 µg/g) y Rhodotorula paludigena CS13 (56,26 ± 7,08 µg/g), mientras que las concentraciones más altas de ß-caroteno fueron 10,2 µg/mL (R. paludigena CS13) y 9,7 µg/mL (R. mucilaginosa/alborubescens P10A). La cinética de crecimiento y producción de pigmentos durante cinco días fue óptima para la cepa P11A, ya que hubo un aumento en el rendimiento de carotenoides totales 10 veces mayor (48 h: 109,62 µg/g, 120 h: 1403,10 µg/g). Conclusiones: En este estudio se encontró que levaduras aisladas de sistemas acuáticos son promisorias para la producción de pigmentos carotenoides (incluyendo ß-caroteno), siendo su extracción y caracterización viable para futuros estudios biotecnológicos.


Introduction: Carotenoids are an important source of biological activities, such as antioxidant or antimicrobial. Also, carotenoids impact the cosmetic or food supplement industry, mainly in aquaculture. Several reports in Latin America showed novel molecules, mainly in isolated strains in Patagonia, Argentina. However, in Colombia, there are not reports about carotenoid production from pigmented wild yeasts. Objective: We assessed the carotenoid production ability in wild yeasts isolated from lakes, wastewater and rivers located in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: 30 yeasts were selected from two collections, each of them was characterized by the biomass, yield of total carotenoids and ß-carotene production. Promisor strains were identified with sequence analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The highest yield in pigment extraction was obtained by strains P11A (84,36 ± 5,24 µg/g) and Rhodotorula paludigena CS13 (56,26 ± 7,08 µg/g), while higher concentrations of ß-carotene were 10,2 µg/mL (R. paludigena CS13) and 9,7 µg/mL (R. mucilaginosa/alborubescens P10A). The kinetics of growth and pigment production for five days was optimal for the P11A strain, where we found an increasing 10-fold higher (48 h: 109,62 µg/g, 120 h: 1403,10 µg/g). Conclusions: We suggest that yeasts isolated from aquatic systems are promising for the production of carotenoid pigments (including ß-carotene), making their extraction and characterization viable for future biotechnological studies.


Subject(s)
Carotenoids , Yeasts , Colombia , Aquatic Fungi
2.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 41: e45481, 20190000. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460888

ABSTRACT

Lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) are serine-hydrolases, and act on long chain fatty acid ester bonds. They exhibit specific and enantioselective activities, which are desirable for many industrial applications. This study aimed at screening and optimizing the production of lipases by wild yeast strains from a variety of substrates, as well as characterizing the enzyme. An initial selection was made in oxygenated oil-supplemented minimum medium, and the enzymatic activity of the supernatant was tested over p-nitrophenyl palmitate. One-hundred and twenty-four yeast strains from different substrates were tested, and twenty-three showed significantly higher lipolytic activity (p<0.01). One yeast in particular, QU110, showed best lipase production and therefore was selected for the optimization and characterization processes. This yeast exhibits enzyme secretion in initial pH 6.0, with olive oil and tryptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. There was a strong interaction between nitrogen source and initial pH, and pH 9.0seems to inhibit enzyme secretion. The crude enzyme (cell-free supernatant) shows stability in surfactants and n-hexane, but not in ethanol or methanol. A Response Surface Model was created and optimal enzyme activity conditions were observed at 36°C and pH 8.0. The lipase is appropriate for transesterification reactions, as the enzyme is more stable in strong apolar solvents than moderately apolar ones. Also, secretion by pH was not reported elsewhere, which should be further investigated and contribute for other yeast bioprocesses as well.


Subject(s)
Candida parapsilosis/cytology , Candida parapsilosis/physiology , Lipase , Nitrogen , Palmitates/analysis
3.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 18(2): 129-139, jul.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959849

ABSTRACT

Las levaduras, además de ser un modelo de la investigación biomédica, tienen diversas aplicaciones en la industria alimentaria, en agricultura y la producción de etanol combustible. Dado que la calidad y la cantidad del producto dependen de la dinámica y la frecuencia de los microorganismos presentes en la fermentación, el uso de herramientas de caracterización molecular se ha incrementado y popularizado en las industrias que emplean levaduras. Estas técnicas se basan en la amplificación o análisis por enzimas de restricción de una porción del ADN genómico de levadura y se clasifican de acuerdo a su capacidad de resolución taxonómica para discriminar a nivel inter o intra-específica. La primera parte de la revisión incluye pruebas interespecíficas tales como, análisis de restricción o RFLP para las regiones ITS2, ITS1-5.8, D1 / D2 de los genes 26S ribosomal DNA. La segunda parte incluye, pruebas de uso común para caracterización nivel de cepa, tales como: la amplificación aleatoria del ADN polimórfico (RAPD), análisis cromosómico por electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE), análisis de restricción del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt- RFLP) análisis por mini / micro satélites y la huella genética de ADN por amplificación de regiones interdelta de los transposones Ty. Esta revisión describe y discute los detalles técnicos de los métodos más utilizados para la caracterización molecular de las levaduras y algunos ejemplos de sus aplicaciones en el contexto industrial.


Yeasts, besides being a model of biomedical research, have various applications in the food industry, in agriculture and the production of ethanol fuel. Since the quality and quantity of the product depend on the dynamics and frequency of microorganisms present in the fermentation, the use of molecular characterization tools has been increased and popularized in the industries that use yeast. These techniques are based on amplification or analysis by restriction enzyme of a portion of yeast genomic DNA and are classified according their ability of taxonomic resolution to discriminate at inter- or intra-specific level. The first part of this review includes interspecific tests such as, restriction analysis or RFLP for the ITS2 regions, ITS1-5.8, D1 / D2 of ribosomal DNA 26S genes. The second part includes, tests commonly used for characterization at strain level, such as random amplified DNA polymorphism (RAPD), Chromosome analysis by pulsed gel field electrophoresis (PFGE), restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA (ADNmt- RFLP), analysis of the mini / micro satellites and DNA fingerprinting by amplifying interdelta regions of Ty transposons. This review describes and discuses technical details of the most commonly used methods for molecular characterization of yeast and some examples of their applications in the industrial context.

4.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 12(2): 176-186, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-590783

ABSTRACT

En Colombia el conocimiento de la comunidad levaduriforme ha sido limitado, ya que los estudios se han enfocado principalmente en especies de interés clínico. Las fermentaciones espontáneas a partir de diversos sustratos representan hábitats de gran importancia para el estudio de la dinámica de las poblaciones de levaduras nativas, por esta razón, en el presente estudio se aislaron e identificaron las levaduras asociadas a las chichas de maíz, piña y arracacha, que son bebidas fermentadas de manera artesanal en Colombia. Se realizó el aislamiento de las levaduras más representativas de la chicha durante sus tres fases de fermentación: inicial, tumultuosa y final. Inicialmente, se hizo una caracterización parcial de los aislados, que incluyó pruebas fisiológicas, y medición de su capacidad para producir filamentos y esporas. Sin embargo, debido a que estas técnicas no fueron suficientes para identificar los aislados hasta el nivel taxonómico de género o de especie, se complementó el estudio de cada aislado empleando técnicas moleculares basadas en el análisis de restricción del gen rRNA 5.8S y los espaciadores transcritos internos (ITS1 e ITS2). Cuando el empleo de esta técnica no permitió obtener resultados definitivos y para confirmar las asignaciones realizadas usando PCR-RFLPs, se secuenció el dominio D1/D2 del gen 26S rRNA de los aislados más representativos. Mediante estas técnicas se lograron identificar las especies más representativas de los tres tipos de chicha: Candida tropicalis, Pichia kluyveri, Pichia guilliermondii, Hanseniapora guilliermondii, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Kazachstania exigua, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lypolitica, Candida parapsilosis, Debaromyces hansenii, Cryptococcus arboriformis, Saccharomyces martiniae, Dekkera anomala, Aureobasidium pullulans y Candida pseudointermedia. La caracterización preliminar de los aislados...


In Colombia, knowledge about yeast communities has been limited because most reports have focused on yeast species with clinical relevance. The spontaneous fermentation of different substrates creates important habitats for analyzing wild yeast populations; for this reason, in this study we isolated and identified yeasts associated with the “chichas” of corn, pineapple, and “arracacha,” which are traditional fermented Colombian beverages. The most representative yeasts were isolated from “chicha” during its three phases of fermentation: initial, tumultuous and final. Initially, we made a partial characterization of isolated yeasts, including macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, physiological tests, and measurement of capacity for producing spores and filaments. However, because these techniques were not sufficient for identification of isolated yeasts to the level of genus and species, the study was complemented by using molecular techniques based on restriction analysis of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2. When this technique did not permit us to obtain positive results and confirm the PCR-RFLP results, we used the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene instead for most representative isolates. With these techniques, we identified the most representative yeast species of the three classes of “chicha”: Candida tropicalis, Pichia kluyveri, Pichia guilliermondii, Hanseniapora guilliermondii, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Kazachstania exigua, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lypolitica, Candida parapsilosis, Debaromyces hansenii, Cryptococcus arboriformis, Saccharomyces martiniae, Dekkera anomala, Aureobasidium pullulans and Candida pseudointermedia. The preliminary characterization of isolated yeasts, based on ethanol-tolerance and salt-tolerance tests, permitted recognition of wild yeasts for possible biotechnological uses in industry.


Subject(s)
Yeasts/isolation & purification , Yeasts/growth & development , Yeasts/genetics , Biotechnology/methods
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